{"id":7432,"date":"2024-06-02T23:02:46","date_gmt":"2024-06-02T15:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hkytl.com\/?p=7432"},"modified":"2024-06-10T21:29:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T13:29:49","slug":"data-protection-hong-kong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hkytl.com\/cn\/2024\/06\/02\/data-protection-hong-kong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4 - \u9999\u6e2f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7432\" class=\"elementor elementor-7432\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d068eb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d068eb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fdcbce5\" data-id=\"6fdcbce5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24014ea8 elementor-widget__width-initial ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24014ea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p><p>In the digital age, data has become one of the most valuable assets for businesses worldwide.\u00a0 Hong Kong has put in place stringent regulations to ensure the privacy and security of personal data.\u00a0 For businesses operating in Hong Kong, understanding and complying with these data protection laws is not just a legal obligation but also a critical component of maintaining customer trust and safeguarding their reputation.<\/p><p><strong>Understanding Hong Kong Data Protection<\/strong><\/p><p>Hong Kong&#8217;s data protection framework is primarily governed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elegislation.gov.hk\/hk\/cap486?xpid=ID_1438403261115_001\">Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486)<\/a> (<strong>PDPO<\/strong>), which was enacted in 1996 and has undergone several amendments to address the evolving challenges of the digital era.\u00a0 PDPO regulates the collection, use, and handling of personal data in Hong Kong.<\/p><p>The Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (<strong>PCPD<\/strong>) oversees the enforcement of the PDPO and provides guidance on best practices for data protection.\u00a0 Some of the recent guidance issued by PCPD include:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcpd.org.hk\/english\/resources_centre\/publications\/files\/guidance_model_contractual_clauses.pdf\">Guidance on Recommended Model Contract Clauses for Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Data (2022)<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcpd.org.hk\/english\/resources_centre\/publications\/files\/standard_contract_gba.pdf\">Guidance on Cross-boundary Data Transfer: Standard Contract for Cross-boundary Flow of Personal Information Within the Guangdong \u2013 Hong Kong \u2013 Macao Greater Bay Area (Mainland, Hong Kong) (2023)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>In addition to PDPO and guidance issued by PCPD, regulatory authorities have also published data protection measures that are specific to their sectors, including:<\/p><ul><li>The Hong Kong Monetary Authority<\/li><li>The Insurance Authority<\/li><li>The Office of the Communications Authority<\/li><li>The Securities and Futures Commission<\/li><\/ul><p>The PDPO protects data subjects, being living individuals who are the subject of personal data.\u00a0 The PDPO applies where the data user and data processors in collection, use, handling and processing of personal data in or from Hong Kong.\u00a0<\/p><p>The terms \u201cpersonal data\u201d, \u201cdata user\u201d, and \u201cdata processor\u201d are defined in the PDPO.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Personal data means any data \u2013<ul><li>relating directly or indirectly to a living individual;<\/li><li>from which it is practicable for the identity of the individual to be directly or indirectly ascertained; and<\/li><li>in a form in which access to or processing of the data is practicable.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Data means any representation of information (including an expression of opinion) in any document, and includes a personal identifier.<\/li><li>Data user \u2013 mean a person who, either alone or jointly or in common with other persons, controls the collection, holding, processing or use of the data.<\/li><li>Data processor \u2013 mean a person who process personal data on behalf of another person, and does not process the data for any of the person\u2019s own purposes.<\/li><\/ul><p>Personal data under the PDPO is widely defined and encompasses an expression of opinion.\u00a0 Further, in <em>Eastweek Publisher Ltd &amp; Another v Privacy Commission of Personal Data<\/em> [2002] 2 HKLRD 83, personal data may also include photographs or video footage of a person.<\/p><p><strong>Data Protection Principles<\/strong><\/p><p>Section 4 of the PDPO provides that a data user shall not do an act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes a data protection principle unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO.<\/p><p>The PDPO sets out six data protection principles containing data user\u2019s main obligations:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 1 &#8211; Purpose and Manner of Collection <\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Personal data must be collected in a lawful and fair manner for a purpose directly related to the data user&#8217;s function or activity. The data collected should not be excessive.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 2 &#8211; Accuracy and Retention<\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Data users must ensure personal data is accurate, up-to-date, and not kept longer than necessary to fulfill the purpose for which it was collected.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 3 &#8211; Use of Personal Data<\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Personal data must only be used for the purpose for which it was originally collected or a directly related purpose, unless voluntary and explicit consent is obtained from the data subject.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 4 &#8211; Security of Personal Data<\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Data users must take appropriate security measures to protect personal data from unauthorized or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 5 \u2013 Information to be Generally Available<\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Data users must make available their policies and practices in relation to the types of personal data they hold and how that data is used and safeguarded.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Principle 6 &#8211; Access to Personal Data<\/em><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Data subjects have the right to access their personal data held by a data user, and request correction if the data is inaccurate.<\/p><p><strong>Consequences of Non-compliance <\/strong><\/p><p>Failure to comply with PDPO may lead to a variety of civil and criminal sanctions including fines and imprisonment.\u00a0 Set out below are some of the sanctions imposed:<\/p><ul><li>Failure to comply with an enforcement notice may result in:<ul><li>A fine of up to HK$50,000;<\/li><li>Imprisonment for up to two years; and<\/li><li>A daily penalty of HK$1,000 for a continued breach.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Use of personal data in direct marketing without the data subject\u2019s consent, may result in:<ul><li>A fine of up to HK$500,000; and<\/li><li>Imprisonment for up to three years.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Doxxing offences \u2013 in particular, disclosure of personal data without the data subject\u2019s consent, with (a) an intent to cause any specified harm to the data subject or any family member of the data subject; or (b) being reckless as to whether any specified harm would be, or would likely be, caused to the data subject or any family member of the data subject; and the disclosure caused specified harm to the data subject or any family member of the data subject, may result in:<ul><li>A fine of up to HK$1,000,000; and<\/li><li>Imprisonment for up to five years.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Data Protection in Corporate Transactions<\/strong><\/p><p>Unlike other jurisdictions, the PDPO has no express provision for extraterritorial application \u2013 as such, the PDPO does not apply to data users located outside Hong Kong that collect data on data subjects within Hong Kong.\u00a0 Further, there are no express legislative restrictions on transfers to third countries.\u00a0<\/p><p>However, in any M&amp;A context, parties need to take steps to comply with data protection law.\u00a0 Parties in any M&amp;A transaction, especially when the target is a data-heavy business \u2013 proper measures would need to be taken from the signing of the non-disclosure agreement.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">*** ***<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">Contact us for information on how we can help you navigate the regulatory landscape, and how our team can help you in handling data issues in M&amp;A transactions.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hkytl.com\/alfred-leung\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hkytl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/alfred-circle.png?resize=105%2C105&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"best lawyer hong kong solicitor alfred leung\" width=\"105\" height=\"105\" \/><\/a><\/p><p style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: left;\"><a style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\" href=\"https:\/\/hkytl.com\/alfred-leung\/\">Alfred Leung<\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">Partner <\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">(E:\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\" href=\"mailto:alfredleung@hkytl.com\">alfredleung@hkytl.com<\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">: +852 3468 7202)<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600;\">\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; text-align: left;\"><em style=\"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600;\">This article is introductory in nature. Its content is current at the date of publication.\u00a0 It does not constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon as such. You should always obtain legal advice based on your specific circumstances before taking any action relating to matters covered by this article. Some information may have been obtained from external sources, and we cannot guarantee the accuracy or currency of any such information.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u4f01\u4e1a\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u9075\u5b88<\/p>","protected":false},"author":206252482,"featured_media":1155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[1402,1469,1403],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate","category-regulatorycompliance","category-technology","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Data Protection \u2013 Hong Kong<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the digital age, data has become one of the most valuable assets for businesses worldwide. 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